An offense is an offense punishable by law. Crime is a crime or vice. Crime is an offense punishable by imprisonment for not less than 3 years or a more severe penalty. The offense is a criminal act punishable by a fine above 30 daily rates, restriction of liberty or imprisonment exceeding one month. The crime can only be committed intentionally; an offense can also be committed unintentionally if the law so provides.

Criminal liability applies only to those who commit a criminal act under penalty of a law in force at the time of its commission. It is not a criminal offense, the social harm of which is negligible. The perpetrator of the offense does not commit a crime if he cannot be attributed a fault during the act. Criminal liability for an offense committed by omission is subject only to who had a legal obligation to prevent the effect.

The offense is considered committed during the period in which the perpetrator acted or failed to act, to which he was obliged. A prohibited act is considered to have been committed in a place where the perpetrator acted or failed to act, to which he was obliged, or where the effect constituting the mark of a prohibited act occurred or according to the intention of the perpetrator was to occur.

The criminal act is committed intentionally, if the perpetrator intends to commit it, that is, wants to commit it or anticipating the possibility of committing it, he agrees to it. The offense is committed unintentionally, if the perpetrator, having no intention of committing it, commits it, however, as a result of failure to observe the caution required in the given circumstances, although the possibility of committing this act was foreseen or could have foreseen. The perpetrator bears the stricter liability which the law makes dependent on a specific consequence of an offense, if that consequence was anticipated or could have been foreseen.

The same act may constitute only one crime. If the act exhausts the features specified in two or more provisions of the Penal Act, the court convicts for one crime on the basis of all converging provisions. In this case, it imposes a penalty on the basis of a provision providing for the strictest penalty, which does not preclude the judgment of other measures provided for in the Act on the basis of all converging provisions.

Two or more behaviors undertaken in short intervals of execution in advance of the intention taken are considered to be one offense; if the subject of the assassination is personal interest, the condition of recognizing multiple behaviors as one offense is the identity of the victim. Responsible as for one prohibited act exhausting the hallmarks of crime, who, in short intervals of time, using the same or the same opportunity or in a similar way commits two or more intentional offenses against property, if the total value of the property justifies liability for the crime.

[Legal status as at April 2020]